Wind Shear

Wind shear conditions are normally associated with the following phenomena:
• thunderstorms, microburst, tornado, and gusts.
• frontal surfaces
• mountain waves
• strong wind coupled with local topography
• see breeze fronts
• low-level temperature inversions

Source: ICAO

See also:
Downdraft and Microburst (MB)
Mountain Waves (MTW)
Thunderstorms, CB / TCU
Turbulence Grade Classification
Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) Encounter
Wind Shear

Link to an explanatory article on Wikipedia here